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Emphasis on one specific pitch or chord.
Emphasis on one specific pitch or chord.
The symbol used in music to chromatically change a note or to cancelthat change. The flat, sharp, double sharp, and double flat change anote, and the natural sign cancels any changes.
The symbol used in music to chromatically change a note or to cancel that change. The flat, sharp, double sharp, and double flat change a note, and the natural sign cancels any changes.
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Thelower range of female voices.
The first of two phrases that form a complete period. The antecedentphrase is also called the question phrase. This is followed bythe consequent, also called answer phrase.
A nonharmonic tone that anticipates a note from an upcoming chord.
A nonharmonic tone that is approached by a leap up to the dissonantnote and resolved by moving a step down from that dissonant note.
Meters that include an odd number of beats, but unlike 3/4 canhave more than one pattern of strong and weak beats. Examples ofasymmetrical meters are 5/8 and 7/8.
Made larger. The term augmented can refer to an interval, atriad, or even a specific rhythm.
A triad formed by stacking two major thirds on top of each other.This forms the interval of an augmented fifth between the lowest noteand highest note in root position. For example, C – E – G#.
A specific melodic and/or harmonic pattern that occurs at the endof a musical sentence. The two chords involved are the dominant andtonic chords. Authentic cadences are either perfect or imperfect.Perfect authentic cadences include the tonic in the soprano voice.
Anotherterm for a measure of music.
Avertical line drawn through the staff lines to divide the staff intomeasures.
Thelowest male voice.
Asymbol used at the beginning of the staff to indicate that the fourthline up on the staff represents the pitch F.
A thickline used to connect notes together. The beam is used in place of theflag or flags at the end of the stem to represent notes that areeither eighth notes or shorter durations.
Aregular pulse in music.
Aspecific melodic and/or harmonic pattern that occurs at the end of amusical sentence. See also Authentic cadence, Plagalcadence, Deceptive cadence, and Half cadence.
Threeor more notes sounded at the same time.
A series of chords.
A scale that includes all twelve pitches and is constructedentirely of half steps.
The arrangement of all the keys in a pattern of ascending fifthssuch that when the pattern is completed one arrives back at theoriginal key.
Asymbol used at the beginning of the staff to indicate the specificpitches for the lines and spaces on the staff. See also Trebleclef and Bass clef.
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Term used for 4/4 meter.
Intervals larger than an octave.
A meter with three subdivisions rather than two, such as 6/8 and9/8.
The step-by-step movement of notes.
The second phrase of a period. The answer in theantecedent-consequent pattern.
A sound that is pleasant.
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A specific melodic and /or harmonic pattern that occurs at theend of a musical statement. The cadence begins on V, but instead ofmoving to the tonic, it progresses to a deceptive chord, such as vi.
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Made smaller. The term diminished is used for intervals andtriads.
A triad formed by stacking two minor thirds on top of each other.This forms the interval of a diminished fifth between the lowest noteand highest note in root position. For example, C – Eb– Gb.
The movement of notes that leap.
A sound that is unpleasant. The opposite ofconsonant.
A dotfollowing the note increases its length by one-half of its value. Adot is also used to represent staccato.
Two vertical lines drawn through the staff to represent the endof a piece or section. Two equal lines represent the end of asection; one thin line followed by a thicker line represents the endof a piece.
Two flats in front of a note that lower the note by two half steps.
A sign that looks like an X. This symbol raises a pitch by two halfsteps.
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Thelevel of the volume of sound, from either soft to loud.
A note including a notehead, flag, and stem that is equal to half thevalue of a quarter note.
Notes that sound the same but are spelled differently, such as D#and Eb
A nonharmonic tone that includes a step followed by a leap.
The arrangement of a triad or seventh chord when the third of thechord is the lowest sounding pitch.
Thenotational sign that is attached to the stem of a note to create anote smaller than the quarter note, including eighth notes andsixteenth notes.
Asymbol that lowers a pitch by one half step.
A standard music staff that includes a treble clef and bass clefstaff line that are joined together.
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A cadence that stops on the V chord. The V chord is often preceded bythe ii chord. See also Cadence.
The note value with an open circle and a stem that represents thevalue of two quarter notes.
The space between two notes that is represented by two adjacent keyson the piano keyboard. C to Dbis a half step.
The distance between two notes that sound simultaneously.
The version of the minor scale that includes a raised seventh.
Thevertical sonorities in music, namely chords. The combination ofvarious chords in certain patterns produces harmony.
A cadence that includes a dominant moving to a tonic,but the chords may or may not be in root position, and a note otherthan the tonic may be in the soprano voice of the final chord.
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Thedistance between any two pitches. Simple intervals include seconds,thirds, fourths, fifths, sixths, sevenths, and octaves.
Achange to the vertical order of pitches. In intervals, inversion iscreated by switching the order of the top and bottom notes. This isalso true for triads, but because there are three notes in the chord,the order of the pitches can be changed three times. If the root ofthe chord is in the bass, the triad is in root position; if the thirdof the chord is the lowest note, it is in first inversion; and if thefifth of the chord is the lowest note, the triad is in secondinversion.
Flats or sharps that appear in specific positions and order at thestart of a staff to indicate the key of a composition.
Anymelodic interval a third or larger.
Short lines located either above, below, or in between staff lines toindicate pitches.
A nontraditional method of analysis that uses chord roots and slursto represent circle progressions. This type of analysis is often usedin conjunction with Roman numeral analysis. The result provides boththe root of the chord and its position in relation to the tonic.
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A scale with a half step between the 3 and 4 and also the 7 and 8notes. All the other intervals of the scale are whole steps.
A triad formed with a major third on the bottom and a minor thirdstacked on top. This forms the interval of a perfect fifth betweenthe lowest note and highest note in root position. For example, C –E – G.
Thedistance between two bar lines.
The distance between two notes that sound one after the other.
The version of the minor scale that includes both a raised sixthand seventh on the ascending version of the scale. The scale descendsin natural minor.
Ahorizontal progression of single pitches perceived as a unit.
Anorganized pattern of beats, including a recurring pattern of strongand weak beats.
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A triad formed with a minor third on the bottom and a major thirdstacked on top. This forms the interval of a perfect fifth betweenthe lowest note and highest note in root position. For example, C –Eb – G.
Arecurring short rhythmic idea.
Thesymbol used to cancel a preceding sharp or flat. This symbol alsocancels double sharps and double flats.
The version of the minor scale with a half step between the 2 and3 and also the 5 and 6 notes. All the other steps are whole steps.
A nonharmonic tone that moves by step from a note to a note thatdoesn’t fit the harmony and back to the note that started thepattern.
A note that doesn’t fit the surrounding harmony.
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Asymbol that represents pitch on the staff.
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Thepart of the note that rests either on the line or space to designatepitch.
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Keys that share the same tonic but not the same key signature.
A nonharmonic tone that moves by step from one note to a note thatdoesn’t fit the surrounding harmony to another note a step away.
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A cadence that includes a dominant to tonicprogression. The roots of both chords must be in the bass, and thefinal soprano note must be the tonic.
Amusical statement that often includes two phrases.
Anorganized idea that often comprises four measures that end with sometype of cadence.
Theelement in music that denotes sound. Pitches can be either high orlow.
A cadence that moves from the subdominant to tonic chord.
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A note with a filled-in notehead and stem that often represents onebeat.
A symbol that represents silence equal to the duration of a quarternote.
Keys that share the same key signature but not the same tonic.
The symbol that includes a double bar with two dots which means thatsection of music should be repeated.
Thesymbol in music used to represent silence.
A nonharmonic tone that continues a note from the previous harmony,but unlike a suspension, the nonharmonic tone resolves up a step to anote in the chord, rather than down, as in the suspension.
Theorganization of time in music.
An analysis system that represents the tonic and allother scale degrees related to that tonic using Roman numerals.
The arrangement of a triad or seventh chord when the root of thechord is the lowest sounding pitch.
Astepwise arrangement of notes.
A specific note of a scale. The scale degrees are called tonic,supertonic, mediant, subdominant, dominant, submediant, and leadingtone.
The arrangement of a triad or seventh chord when the fifth of thechord is the lowest sounding pitch.
Therepetition of a short segment of music on various different scaledegrees.
A chord with four tones. A seventh chord is formed by adding anotherthird on top of a triad.
Thesymbol that raises a pitch one half step.
Intervals that are either an octave or smaller than an octave.
Acurved line encompassing a group of notes that are to be playedsmoothly.
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Thehighest female voice.
Aspecific notation, represented with a dot above or below a note,which indicates that the pitches should be played short and detached.
Thegroup of five lines that form the framework for pitches. The staffalso includes the spaces between the lines.
Theline that extends up or down from the notehead.
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Anonharmonic tone that continues a note from the previous harmony, andthen resolves down by step.
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The deliberate accent of weak beats, or weak parts of the beat.
Thespeed of the music.
Thehigher of the male voices.
A longmelodic idea used to create a composition.
An inversion that applies only to seventh chords. The arrangementof a seventh chord when the seventh of the chord is the lowestsounding pitch.
A curvedline that connects the noteheads of two pitches that are the same.
Thecolor of the sound. A trumpet sounds different than a piano sounds;likewise, a human voice sounds different than both of them sound.
The sign used at the beginning of the staff that signifies the secondline from the bottom of the staff is the pitch G.
Achord built of three pitches by skipping every other letter name,such as C – E – G. The four types of triads are major, minor,augmented, and diminished.
Atriplet is created when three notes are placed in the space normallyfilled by two notes of the same duration. A quarter note tripletrepresented by three quarter notes with a 3 above them would take theplace of two quarter notes, and three eighth notes with a 3 abovethem would take the place of two eighth notes.
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An interval that includes two half steps.
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